Who is known for designing a curriculum that encourages students to think and determine their own learning processes?

The individual recognized for designing a curriculum that encourages students to think critically and navigate their own learning processes is John Dewey. Dewey was a prominent educational reformer who emphasized experiential learning, which places students in real-life situations where they can actively engage with the material. He believed that education should foster a democratic environment where learners are encouraged to think independently and participate in their own educational experiences.

Dewey's philosophy suggests that learning is not just about receiving information but involves active inquiry and reflection. This approach helps students develop critical thinking skills and a sense of responsibility for their own learning, positioning them as active participants rather than passive recipients of knowledge.

While Maria Montessori developed a student-centered approach focusing on self-directed learning and Hilda Taba contributed significantly to curriculum development, it is Dewey's work that fundamentally supports the idea of encouraging students to determine and engage in their own learning processes. Lev Vygotsky, on the other hand, focused more on social interaction and cultural influences in learning. Therefore, Dewey's emphasis on inquiry and experiential learning aligns closely with the concept of students actively determining how they learn.